Articles by "National"

Kashmir has been embroiled in an endless cycle of violence for over a fortnight now. More than 40 people have been killed and 2000 wounded by Indian security forces so far. Srinagar is under a curfew and Indian army personnel have resorted to indiscriminate firing against protesting Kashmiris calling for an end to the reign of terror in the Valley.
Kashmir has never been at peace. Over the years its inhabitants have kept chafing under the heavy handed rule imposed by New Delhi. The latest phase in the Kashmir uprising erupted about two weeks ago after the Indian army shot dead Burhan Wani, a member of the Hizbul Mujahedeen. In recent months Wani had emerged as a hero of resistance against Indian occupation and was very popular with young people in the Valley.  The news of Wani’s death sent a wave of shock and anger throughout the valley. To protest against the outrage, the Hurriyat leaders called for a strike and three days of mourning.
Following the call, widespread protests broke out leading to clashes with the security personnel. Despite a police crackdown, suspension of internet and mobile services and imposition of curfew, thousands took to the streets to protest against the killings. A large crowd gathered at Wani's funeral as his body was brought for burial draped in the Pakistani flag. India responded to the protests in Kashmir over the killing of Burhan Wani as it has always done – with further violence, repression and killings.
 The story of Indian atrocities in Kashmir is a long one. New Delhi has been following a policy of rape, murder and torture in order to suppress the freedom struggle in the Valley. Thousands of Kashmiri young men have been murdered and hundreds of thousands have been put in jails where third degree torture is used to break the spirit of freedom seekers.   Delhi has also been trying to change the Valley's demography by bringing in settlers from the outside and creating “sainak colonies”. This has added fuel to the fire of conflict in Kashmir.
All Indian governments, present and past, have given a raw deal to the Kashmiris. It is the colonial attitude that India has adopted towards Kashmir that adds to the frustration of Kashmiri people. India’s harsh methods have only helped to create successive generations of militants and freedom fighters.  India has an unenviable track record of violating fundamental human rights of Kashmiris including their right to life and the right to self-determination. Lack of progress in finding a durable solution to the Kashmir question in accordance with the UN resolutions, the continuing violations of human rights in the Valley and lack of accountability thereof have led to a feeling of frustration and bitterness, especially among the new generation of Kashmiris who are increasingly throwing their weight behind the decades-long indigenous movement for self-determination.
Pakistan has strongly condemned the killings in Kashmir and detention of Kashmiri leaders                   and called upon the Indian government to fulfil its human rights obligations as well as its commitments under the UN resolutions. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has issued a statement supporting the Kashmiri people's right to self-determination in accordance with the UN Security Council resolutions.
Following the latest outbreak in Kashmir, Pakistan has launched a diplomatic campaign to highlight the misery of the people of Indian-held Kashmir groaning under the Indian military heel. Foreign Secretary Aizaz Chaudhry has briefed the ambassadors of China, France, the Russian Federation, United Kingdom and the United States, expressing Pakistan's serious concern over the recent wave of violence against Kashmiri people. Pakistan ambassadors in all capitals, especially Western countries, are briefing their host governments as well as human rights groups and organisations in their areas of accreditation. Adviser to Prime Minister on Foreign Affairs Sartaj Aziz has addressed letters to the UN Secretary-General, the President of the UN Security Council, the Secretary-General of the OIC, and the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights to express Pakistan's serious concern over the alarming situation in Indian-Occupied Jammu and Kashmir. He has drawn the world’s attention to the brutal killings of innocent civilians by the occupying Indian security forces and urged the United Nations to fulfil its responsibility with regard to the Jammu and Kashmir dispute, which remains on the agenda of the UN Security Council and is yet to be resolved in accordance with its relevant resolutions.
Kashmir is a universally recognised dispute with numerous UN Security Council resolutions emphasizing the need for its solution. It is not yet too late for the Indian leadership to see reason and come to the negotiating table for a peaceful settlement of a dispute which has been festering for more than 60 years. The unresolved issue of Kashmiris is a hindrance in the progress and prosperity of the peoples of the two countries, and a constant threat to regional stability. In this connection, it would be a good idea to use the good offices of UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon who has offered to act as a mediator.

Death can kill every one and everything except love, mercy and humanity. Rather, death gives eternal life to those who sacrifice their lives for uplifting humanity and love. Life without love and humanity is barren and meaningless.
While life with love gives meaning to our existence and protects against hodiernal adversity. All great men are lovers of humanity and mercy. They live and die serving humanity, striving for the betterment of people, struggling to preach humanism, fighting against hatred, bigotry, prejudice and ignorance. They sacrifice in performing their duty and work tirelessly to achieve their goal. In short, their love for serving humanity becomes the reason for their existence. 
Certainly,  Abdul Sattar Edhi was a great man, an embodiment of love, mercy, patience, hard work and humanity. Love was his religion. To serve humanity was his faith. His philosophy of life was "love human beings, serve humanity". He acted upon this philosophy throughout his life.
He started his philanthropic work from zero, setting up a small clinic in the Mithadar area of Karachi in 1951, and created one of the world's largest ambulance services . There are around 335 Edhi centres with 2,000 ambulances across the country. The foundation has given shelter to around 50,000 orphaned children and provided homes to over 20,000 unwanted and abandoned babies. Abdul Sattar Edhi is now the father of these nameless innocent children. They are no more fatherless and identity-less in our land. The foundation has around 40,000 trained nurses, who are working and serving people. The foundation has 3,500 workers and thousands of volunteers. Edhi centers are now rendering philanthropic services to the people of other countries like, America, Canada, the Middle East , Nepal, Afghanistan and many other countries of Africa. Edhi’s meritorious services have already been acknowledged across the world. In 1986, Edhi was bestowed with the Ramon Magsaysay Award for public service from the Philippines. The Guinness Book recorded the Edhi Foundation as the largest voluntary ambulance organization in the world in 2000. He was also gifted with the Balzan Prize and the Lenin Peace Prize. He was awarded the Nishan-e-Imtiaz by the Pakistan government. Several times he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. It is a measure of the politicisation of the Nobel Peace Prize, that if anyone in Pakistan had to be awarded that prize, it would be that trumped up symbol of Western propaganda, Malala Yusufzai, instead of Maulana Edhi.
In fact, Edhi is the Abou Ben Adhem of a well-known poem. Adhem earns Allah’s pleasure and love by serving humanity:
“Abou Ben Adhem (may his tribe increase!)
Awoke one night from a deep dream of peace,
And saw, within the moonlight in his room,
Making it rich, and like a lily in bloom,
An angel writing in a book of gold:—
Exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold,
And to the Presence in the room he said
"What writest thou?"—The vision raised its head,
And with a look made of all sweet accord,
Answered "The names of those who love the Lord."
"And is mine one?" said Abou. "Nay, not so,"
Replied the angel. Abou spoke more low,
But cheerly still, and said "I pray thee, then,
Write me as one that loves his fellow men."
The angel wrote, and vanished. The next night
It came again with a great wakening light,
And showed the names whom love of God had blessed,
And lo! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest”. (Anonymous. Submission James Henry Leigh Hunt)
After the demise of Edhi, the world is praising his selfless efforts, devotion, exemplary and missionary life.
The Washington Post writes about Edhi: “Abdul Sattar Edhi was a beacon of hope in a country too often mired in despair. He was an ascetic in a country where politicians regularly skim millions of dollars through corruption; a humanitarian in a country rife with sectarian hatred and violence; and ultimately the provider of public services in a country where the government often fails to provide even the most basic ones, like adequate hospitals and ambulances. In the course of his lifetime, he had gone from being a refugee to running Pakistan's most renowned philanthropic organization, the Edhi Foundation. Established in 1951, the foundation currently runs hospitals, orphanages, morgues, legal aid offices, centers for the abandoned and drug-addicted, and has almost 2,000 ambulances, which it dispatches to the scenes of the terrorist attacks that occur with alarming frequency across the country… Edhi's foundation had no qualms about serving Pakistan's religious minorities. Once, when he was asked why he was okay with his ambulances picking up Christians and Hindus, he snarkily replied, "Because my ambulance is more Muslim than you." Edhi was well known for his minimalist lifestyle. He reportedly had only two pairs of shalwar kameez, the billowy set of clothing commonly worn by men in Pakistan. He collected much of the operating costs for his foundation through donations from regular middle-class people. He would sit cross-legged and they would leave rupee notes near his lap. He slept in a room attached to his foundation's office for most of his life. "Social welfare was my vocation, I had to free it," he said in his autobiography, A Mirror to the Blind.
The Guardian pays tribute to Edhi in these words: “In a country increasingly riven by extremism, Abdul Sattar Edhi, the founder of a vast public welfare organisation that spans Pakistan, was a symbol of the country’s shrivelled secular tradition. Edhi, who has died aged around 90, never turned anyone away from his hospitals, homeless shelters, rehab centres and orphanages. His determination to ignore considerations of creed, cast or sect earned him the hatred of some on the country’s religious right, who accused him of being an atheist. But the public revered him for his lifelong commitment to humanity. Edhi was born in British India but moved to Pakistan six days after it was formed in August 1947. He attended some of the public speeches made by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the anglicised lawyer who led the movement for a Muslim majority state. Like many others hailing from Gujarat, Edhi found himself in Karachi, arriving by boat in the Arabian Sea entrepot that would grow into a megacity of more than 20 million people, racked by ethnic strife. Always hazy about the precise year of his birth, Edhi reckoned he was about 20 when he landed at Karachi’s stinking harbour. He initially worked as a street pedlar, hawking pencils, matches that he would hold on a tray and towels. Later he sold paan, the betel leaf and nut mixture chewed by many in the subcontinent, and then worked for his father who was a trader. But he found his time doing this unsatisfying. He said he felt an urge to do welfare work after “observing the environment I was living in, where injustice, bribery and robbery were common”. He set up his first simple pharmacy offering drugs and basic medical care, regardless of people’s ability to pay, in a tent next to his family home in Jodia bazaar. The area, now a teeming slum, is still the headquarters of the Edhi Foundation, which is run out of a ramshackle building where he lived to the end of his days in a tiny backroom....Edhi’s charitable activities expanded in 1957 when an Asian flu epidemic swept through Karachi. He borrowed money for tents to treat people who were only asked to contribute financially if they could afford it. “It was the first mass recognition of my work,” Edhi later told the journalist Steve Inskeep. A single generous donation from a businessman, a fellow member of the Memon community, allowed Edhi to buy his first ambulance, which he drove himself around the city… Through his work, Edhi met Bilquis Bano, who became his wife and a key figure in the burgeoning charity empire. They worked together during one of the toughest periods of Edhi’s life, the 1965 war between India and Pakistan which saw Karachi bombed. The couple cared for the civilian victims and organised 45 funerals, with Bilquis cleaning the bodies of women and Edhi preparing the men for burial. It was said he washed thousands of dead bodies during his life, with his foundation finding space in its graveyards for anyone who needed it. In the A Mirror to the Blind, he made clear his distaste for anyone who thought themselves too grand to touch the dead.
The Edhi Foundation ultimately became a multimillion-dollar enterprise run directly by Edhi, his wife and their four children...The foundation estimates it transports a million people to hospital each year, charging a tiny fee for the ride. In Karachi, rival gangs have been known to call temporary ceasefires to their gun battles to allow Edhi’s minimally trained ambulance staff to collect the dead and wounded. In a country with a negligible public welfare system Edhi offered cradle-to-grave services… “I have never been a very religious person,” he told the Daily Times newspaper in 2009. “I am neither against religion nor for it.” He found inspiration in socialist writers who lambasted the ruling capitalist class whom he thought were responsible for poverty in the world. And he did not see why work to alleviate suffering should be restricted to Pakistan. In 2005 the Edhi Foundation donated $100,000 to the victims of Hurricane Katrina in the US. “My religion is serving humanity and I believe that all the religions of the world have their basis in humanity,” he said.
It is also a hard fact that our cruel and corrupt ruling elite is not willing to follow the teachings and life of Abdul Sattar Edhi. Although, they have attended the funeral of this great man in the National Stadium with great respect and love, the sole purpose, according to some analysts, was to get attention of the people of Pakistan and associate themselves expediently with the saint  who has earned respect and love among the people by his noble aims and commendable actions. One analyst writes,  “But it is a testament to Abdul Sattar Edhi’s greatness, and to the tragedy of the country he leaves behind, that on the day of his funeral, Pakistan’s credibility-hungry politicians were lining up behind his coffin to bask in some reflected glory”.

Rumours of Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf (PTI) Chairman Imran Khan’s third marriage and subsequent analyses on news channels for days diverted the public attention from the Panama Leaks. It provided a much-needed breathing space to the government to devise its strategy to counter the opposition’s agitation plan.
Marriage is a private issue but personal matters of public figures are discussed in the media all over the world. However, Imran’s wedding was blown out of proportion. Channels accused him of undermining his own movement against the government over the Panama Leaks. Some experts castigated him for tying the knot on the day when Pakistan was mourning the death of its biggest charity worker, Abdul Sattar Edhi. His marriage remained the topic of discussion on all channels despite denials by Imran Khan and other party leaders.
The media speculated about two women who belonged to Pakpattan. It forced a woman’s family to issue a clarification. “Imran Khan has not married in the Manika family,” Khawar Fareed Manika, son of former Federal Minister Ghulam Muhammad Manika, said in a statement. According to the media, Maryam Manika is the sister of Bushra Manika, who is daughter-in-law of Ghulam Muhammad Manika.
When channels continued flashing pictures of women, Imran slammed media outlets for spreading news about his third marriage and sharing pictures of women he “has never met”. “Women’s pictures shown whom I neither know nor ever met. Such disinformation is irresponsible and shows a collapse of moral and ethical standards,” Imran Khan said on Twitter. “Unethical of media to spread false news of my marriage based upon absolute lies. Had that happened in UK heads would have rolled,” he added.
Media reports said Imran had visited Pakpattan thrice in July to meet his would-be bride, Maryam, who is sister of his “spiritual guide.” After it, the PTI media wing clarified that he was spiritually connected to the Manika family of Pakpattan and nothing else. When the statement failed to quell the rumours, Imran issued a clarification through Twitter saying, “Rumours about my marriage are absolutely baseless. I have not gotten married. When I do, I will announce and celebrate publicly.” It failed to impress his critics, who said he had secretly married twice and this time too.
There may be many elements behind the speculations, but Imran himself played some part in it when in an interview to the Hindustan Times, he said, “It is not in my blood to give up,” to a query about his marriage. The report said even after two divorces, Imran Khan will not give up the idea of marrying again and is actually thinking about it even more these days. “It’s not in my blood to give up. But it takes a lot … (the idea of marriage) is even more open than before. But marrying at 60 is not like marrying at 30,” Imran said in the interview, which was also reproduced in the Pakistani media, after which speculations started.
“Bachelor life is a superficial existence. I would always choose married life. Because bachelor life is: all that glitters is not gold. It is very shallow and empty. It is a superficial existence. You cause a lot of pain. As a bachelor there were a lot of heartaches, and I regret that. I am 63 years old and have been married for only 10 years, but I am more of a staunch believer of marriage now after two divorces than I ever was,” he added. The lengthy interview was analyzed from all angles on Pakistani channels and speculations started about his would-be wife. Some claimed he had already tied the knot and would make it public later. The channels also refused to accept his clarification on the grounds that he had denied his marriage with Reham Khan till the end.
The PTI had to file a complaint with the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) against TV channels when they continued airing the news about his third marriage. Imran may recover from the malicious propaganda soon but the women and their families, whose pictures were flashed with him, will feel embarrassment for a long time.
According to sources, the Pakistan Muslim League-N (PML-N) Media Cell had spread rumours of the third marriage of Imran Khan to divert the attention of the people from the Panama Leaks and malign him. It is alleged the story was set up at the Social Media Cell of the PML-N at the Prime Minister’s House, led by Maryam Nawaz Sharif. Some analysts of news channels were hired to launch a smear campaign against Imran to defame him and make him controversial ahead of his possible agitation against the Nawaz Sharif government. According to sources, services of some TV channels, editors of English-language and Urdu dailies were hired for spreading rumours about his marriage. Questions were also raised on his morality, without realizing that there is nothing immoral in marriage.
PTI Secretary General Jahangir Khan Tareen in his tweet confirmed the smear campaign by some sections of the media against Imran Khan looked like the government’s hidden ploy to divert attention from the Panama Leaks.
Imran’s first two marriages and splits were flashed by the media all over the world. However, the foreign media has always been careful and responsible about its reporting. The Pakistani media has crossed all limits of decency and respect for public privacy. Pictures of different women were carried by the media, in a bid to take the lead from others. The campaign has not done much harm to Imran and his politics, but the women and their families will remain disturbed for long. If it had happened in a civilized country, the media would have faced many defamation suits for millions of dollars. In Pakistan, the channels can defame anybody at their will. They will get away with it too. They will apologize to Imran, at most, on the orders of PEMRA. The women they named will not be compensated. They should at least tender an apology to them.
In a tribal society like Pakistan, where “honour” killings are common, women should be treated more respectfully and the government should make laws to protect their rights and privacy. Defamation laws should also be made more effective to stop the media from launching smear campaigns against their targets.

The observance of the World Population Day last week once again focused attention on what is described as the ticking time bomb of demographic explosion. Every year, the day comes as a reminder that we are not doing enough to control the rising population which is putting unbearable strains on the world’s limited resources.
In 1989, the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Programme recommended that 11 July be observed by the international community as World Population Day, a day to raise awareness on the urgency and importance of population issues. The decision was sparked by the public interest in Five Billion Day on July 11, 1987- the date on which the world’s population rose to five billion people.
The theme for this year is “Investing in teenage girls.” In his remarks on the day, the United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said: “Despite significant gains made in reducing poverty and improving opportunity and well-being for many people around the world, hundreds of millions remain desperate for a chance of a better future. Among the least served by previous development initiatives are girls, particularly those in their formative teenage years.” It is true that many teenage girls around the world face enormous challenges, and many are forced into early marriages, thereby damaging their future prospects. Statistics show that more than 13 million teenage girls around the world are forced by their families and communities into marriage annually.
Even among girls who stay in school, access to basic information about their health, human rights and reproductive rights is not available, leaving them vulnerable to illness, injury and exploitation. It has been found that when teenage girls are empowered, when they know about their rights and are given the tools to succeed, they become agents of positive change in their communities. UNFPA's programmes aim to end child marriage, curb adolescent pregnancy, and to empower girls to make informed choices about their health and lives. In 2015 alone, UNFPA programmes helped 11.2 million girls between the ages of 10 and 19 to gain access to sexual and reproductive health services and information.
There is a special significance attached to the annual observance of World Population Day. The world’s population is rising fast. Despite two world wars, tyranny and famines, the world saw the biggest increase in its population in human history in the 20th century, due to decreasing mortality rates made possible by medical advances and increases in agricultural productivity. The world population is predicted to hit the seven billion mark on 31 October this year.
In the year 1000 AD, the world population was only 400 million. In 1750 AD, 750 years later, the population was 800 million.. The world’s population reached one billion in 1804. It took 123 years to reach two billion. The population grew faster and the next billion was reached in 1959. In 1974, the population reached four billion and in 1987, it reached five billion. The population reached six billion in 1999, and in 2011 it was close to seven billion. Experts say the world’s population will increase by another 4 billion by 2100. Based on the medium projection of the UN, the number of people in the world will reach 8 billion by 2025, 9 billion by 2043, and then 10 billion by 2083.
A challenging aspect of the rising demographic pressure is that most of the population increase is taking place in the poorest countries of the world. A large part of the projected 10.1 billion population at the end of the 21st century is expected from 58 high-fertility countries in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Rising population is closely related to poverty. More than four billion people live in poverty. Estimates say that of the people living in poverty around the world, one billion are children. Earlier this year, it was reported that the world’s 62 richest people now owned as much wealth as the poorest half of the global population, which is more than 3.5 billion people. Taiwan has the lowest poverty rate in the world with only 1.5 percent, followed by Malaysia at 3.8 percent and Ireland at 5.5 percent.
Like other parts of the world, World Population Day was also observed in Pakistan last week aimed at raising awareness about the problems of rapidly increasing population. The demographic pressure in Pakistan is constantly on the rise. According to a recent report issued by the United Nations, Pakistan has been identified as the sixth most populous country in the world, and it is estimated that Pakistan will become the fifth most populous country by the Year 2050 with the expected population of 342 million. According to the Pakistan Population Council, Pakistan today is among the world’s top 10 most populous countries, including China, India, United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Russia and Japan.
Most Muslim countries, such as Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia and Turkey, recognising the negative impact of rapid growth of population on development, have taken concrete measures to meet the challenge. As compared to Pakistan, the population growth rate in Muslim countries is much lower due to better family planning usage. A report by the Pakistan Population Council says that the total demand for family planning services among married woman in the country is 70 percent, but only 30 percent are currently using family planning services. Pakistan is leading in population growth rate with 1.89 percent as compared to Bangladesh, Indonesia, Iran, Turkey, and Malaysia with a growth rate between 1.2 to 1.6 percent. Every year, 3.7 million people are being added to Pakistan’s population.
Needless to say, the imbalance between resources and rapid population growth is the key challenge facing the country. This results in rampant unemployment, poor health, insufficient nutrition and many other social problems. Rapid population growth poses myriad economic and social challenges. According to a report, 24 million children in Pakistan remain out of school as the government is unable to provide buildings, teachers and other related facilities for the growing numbers. Access to health care for all remains a distant dream while a severe water crisis looms in the days ahead.
For Pakistan, better population management is the need of the hour. A better balance between population and resources is imperative for sustained development and progress. A stronger and healthier society can be built by providing girls with better education and health facilities, ensuring women to have a voice in family decisions, and providing them with opportunities for economic freedom. Laws regarding the legal age for marriage for girls need to be strictly implemented. The religious scholars and the media also have to play a more pro-active role to educate the masses on the deeply entrenched traditional and cultural beliefs that cause families to continue to reproduce without any thought of social and economic consequences.

The commission which was appointed by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in December 2015, to suggest final recommendations about the political and constitutional status of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) would soon be presenting its report to the prime minister.
The commission is chaired by Prime Minister’s Advisor on Foreign Affairs Sartaj Aziz and includes Minister for States and Frontier Regions (SAFRON), Lt. General (R) Abdul Qadir Baloch, former governor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Sardar Mehtab Ahmed Khan, PM’s Adviser on National Security Lieutenant General (R) Nasser Khan Janjua and Federal Minister Zahid Hamid as it members.
According to Sartaz Aziz, the commission members have completed visits to all the seven agencies of FATA and have met various stakeholders, including tribal elders, government officials, and members of civil society of FATA, among others. The commission was formed after a heated debate in the country about the future constitutional and political status of FATA. Because, according to various stakeholders, experts and observers, the present political and constitutional arrangement of FATA has been the underlying reason for the multidimensional problems there. Therefore, political and constitutional changes were necessary. We have also been arguing in these lines that the indeterminate political and constitutional status has been contributing to the crisis and conflict in FATA. Because it has resulted in a power vacuum and the militant and terrorist groups of all hues took full advantage of the situation to make the region their fiefdom. Fortunately, our emphasis in these lines have been lent an ear to by the government of Pakistan.
The formation of a commission to suggest to the government the required and best suited political and constitutional changes in FATA was extremely important in the context of the military Operation Zarb-e-Azb in North Waziristan and rest of FATA. According to military authorities in Pakistan, Operation Zarb-e-Azb is in its last stages and there has been a general restoration of the state writ in FATA after more than a decade of conflict. Then the Temporary Displaced Persons (TDPs) from FATA, which number more than three to four million individuals, have to be completely repatriated before the end of the current year. So after the military operations there ought to be post-conflict stabilization in FATA and in this regard the most important measure is to determine the exact constitutional and political status of FATA. This would provide the framework for further reforms and development.
At the moment FATA constitutes a region which is directly ruled from Islamabad with civil servants hailing from the adjoining Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, including officers domiciled in FATA. Governor KPK is head of the administration of FATA and acts as the agent of the federal government for FATA. In other words the governor, who is titular head of KPK, basically oversees the administrative affairs of FATA. Importantly, FATA is neither a province nor a federating unit of Pakistan, while the laws passed by the parliament of Pakistan are not enforceable there, as the superior courts of Pakistan, according to the constitution of Pakistan, do not have any jurisdiction in FATA. Instead the day-to-day administrative affairs of FATA are run through the British Colonial era legal framework, the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR). Constitutionally, the president of Pakistan is authorized to extend any set of laws to the tribal areas, or change their political or administrative position. All this shows that FATA has hitherto been a political and legal hotchpotch.
The Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Al Qaeda and other local and foreign militant and terrorist groups like Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) etc., with their unprecedented terrorism in Pakistan have completely changed the ground situation in the tribal areas. The moth-eaten legal and administrative system of FATA has been given a decisive blow by the insurgency. So in the post-conflict situation the region needs a complete new set of political, legal and administrative structures.
There are four main options before the FATA Reforms Commission, and even generally. These include elevating the status of FATA to that of a province; merging FATA with KPK; Creating a FATA council a la Gilgit-Baltistan, or maintaining the status quo. While one does not know what would be the final recommendation of the FRC, but the two most viable options are: giving the tribal areas the status of a province or create a FATA Council. The best case scenario would be to make FATA a new province. However, if due to capacity issues it is not possible immediately, then practically there is no other option but to form a FATA Council like in Gilgit-Baltistan. Eventually, the ultimate solution to the crisis in FATA would be to give them the status of a province. Hopefully, the FRC under Sartaz Aziz would make the same recommendation.
In case it is recommended that FATA should be merged with KP province, then this would be tantamount to inviting disaster. This is despite the fact that a small but vocal section of FATA civil society,  the FATA Political Alliance, is trying to impose its desire of merging FATA with KPK. The Pakthun nationalist Awami National Party (ANP) has also been campaigning for merging FATA with KPK. While a sizable majority of FATA’s social leadership is against it. The most intriguing aspect and demand of merging FATA with the KPK is that the people of KPK observably are almost entirely against the merger. Therefore, if the FRC and the government even have to take the decision of merging FATA with KPK, they must first hold a referendum in both FATA and KPK.
If this does not transpire, the merger would sow the seeds of future conflict between residents of FATA and residents of KPK. Equally importantly the merger of FATA with KPK would result in a big province that would be too unwiedly to manage. Since long, people of FATA and, particularly, since the creation of KPK (formerly NWFP) in 1901 by the British colonial rulers of India, the tribal areas have been dependent for most of their basic needs on KPK.
Merger would make FATA entirely dependent upon KPK and in the process this would be an unbearable burden on the small economy and infrastructure of KPK. The ANP has been supporting merger of FATA with KPK in order to fulfill its desire of extending its parochial political constituency without calculating the risk involved which no government will manage.
Whereas the exponents within FATA civil society, of merger of FATA with KPK, are only pursuing their vested professional and financial interests as they do not have the platform to pursue their careers in FATA. But they fail to understand that if FATA gets the status of a province, they would have the very forums and institutions which would provide them best opportunities to develop their careers.
Keeping in view the merits of different options for political and constitutional reforms in FATA, making FATA a separate province is the best option, while the other viable option is to create a FATA Council.

Since the Panama leaks broke out, events have taken on the nature of a movie thriller. At the receiving end ever since the revelations named his children, PM Nawaz Sharif has been on the defensive. As a counter-measure, he first appeared on national TV twice and later flew to London for a medical, some say legal, check-up. Responding to relentless calls to step down he then hit the road and  announced a judicial commission headed by the Chief Justice. But the move boomeranged as the CJ, on his return from abroad, refused to have to do anything with the commission.
The latest turn in the ongoing drama is the revelation that Imran Khan, who is the chief accuser and principal tormentor of Nawaz Sharif, is also the owner of an off-shore company which he formed way back in the 80’s. This has prompted information czar Pervaiz Rashid to charge the the PTI chief is the pioneer of off-shore companies in Pakistan.
Apparently, the PTI seems to have lost the high moral ground on the issue of the Panama Papers. But one should not overlook the basic difference between the two situations. While Nawaz is accused of siphoning off public money and hiding it in foreign banks through off-shore companies registered in his children’s names, Imran Khan took the course to save taxes on his income from cricket in England.
But the war of words is on with each side accusing the other of being the chief culprit. Imran Khan’s admission that he once owned an offshore company has provided the much-needed ammunition to the government. Information Minister Pervaiz Rashid came out all guns blazing last week and called the PTI chief “Baba Adam” of off-shore companies.
In the midst of all this, Chief Justice Anwar Zaheer Jamali’s refusal to form a judicial commission has left the government in a quandary. The CJ has described the terms of reference as too wide and open-ended which would render the commission "toothless". He also said that a powerless commission to probe the Panama leaks will cause nothing but disgrace to the judiciary.
The Supreme Court Bar Association has termed the reply of the Chief Justice of Pakistan correct, saying that the ToRs given by the government are defective and do not give the required powers to the commission to conduct an independent investigation. In the meantime, the Pakistan Bar Council has urged the Supreme Court to take suo motu notice of the Panama leaks. The lawyers’ association also called upon the prime minister and his children to provide the money trail leading to the off-shore assets from 1985 to date.
According to the latest development, the government has now decided to contact opposition parties to evolve a consensus on the terms of reference (ToR) for the Panama commission. Independent experts are of the opinion that the political storm kicked up by the Panama Papers  will not die down unless two things are ensured. First, the judicial commission must be fully empowered to seek whatever material it deems necessary. It should also be authorized to seek the help and assistance of NAB, FIA, FBR and other government agencies  and use all state resources to acquire information from abroad, including help from foreign audit firms and forensic experts trained to track the money laundering trail. Second, the commission should be mandated to complete its work within a reasonable time span.
Needless to say, there is no dearth of legal talent in the country which should be fully utilized to draw up the disputed terms of reference and a framework for the commission that meets the ends of justice and accommodates the points of view of both the opposition and the government. As one analyst has succinctly put it, the Panama leaks signify a turning point in Pakistan’s history. No other event has put the focus on the cancer of corruption in Pakistan as sharply as the Panama Papers have done. Irrespective of the names in the Panama leaks, the revelations have shown how the members of  Pakistan’s ruling elite belonging to politics, business and other sector have looted the country and stashed their ill-gotten gains in foreign banks to the detriment of Pakistan’s fragile economy and its poor, hungry masses.
All plunderers need to be brought to book if the country has to turn a new leaf in its search for a prosperous and dignified life for its teeming millions. Everyone named in the Panama leaks must be thoroughly investigated and brought to justice. But the process to be credible must start with Nawaz Sharif who holds the reins of the government for the third time in the last 25 years. He has been at the helm for so long. As such, more than anybody else he has to account for what went wrong and why the country is in such a miserable state. And also, how come his wealth has multiplied manifold, while the country has become poorer and poorer.

A corrupt ruler always develops, protects, supports and encourages corrupt political, social, economic, judicial and religious systems.
He deliberately ignites extremism, violence, racialism and provincialism; he creates class differences and an atmosphere of fear and helplessness; he introduces a flawed and class-based education system; he promotes ignorance, nepotism, favouritism and uses beautiful words and slogans to deceive innocent people; he does not follow ethics, morality, patriotism, constitution, rules and regulations and plunders the country and his people unscrupulously. In short, he makes a society, nation and country corrupt just to increase his wealth, power and prolong his rule. He becomes the real Prince of Machiavelli.
This time, after the Independent and Guardian's articles published in the 1990s and BBC documentary, the Panama leaks have unmasked alleged corruption and economic treachery of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s family. After these leaks, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif is under tremendous pressure to answer all the allegations levelled by the PTI and other opposition parties. But, he is not willing to answer and accept his corruption, economic treachery and unpatriotic actions. He is using all his shrewdness and government's resources to tackle this crisis. He is holding public gatherings and announcing development projects just to please the people and cover up the Panama leaks.
In two weeks, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has made stops in five cities, Kotli Sattiyan on April 25, Mansehra on April 28, Quetta on May 2, Bannu on May 3 and Sukkur on May 6 and announced development projects. Interestingly, during the Kottli Sattiyan tour, he has committed a blunder by inaugurating the project fourth time. This not only shows his cunning nature but also his worriedness and pressure. Then, he has also visited foreign countries, especially the UK and Turkey, for getting expert advice from his foreign friends to tackle this crisis.
In stead of giving answers to the allegations, the PM and his PML-N ministers and members are shamelessly putting allegations of corruption on other political leaders, especially on Imran Khan, etc. It is also a very strange thing that the PM has equated those talking of Panama leaks with terrorists. This shows that the PM does not like criticism. Imran Khan has aptly said, “it is the right of opposition parties to ask questions from the leader in a democratic country”. But Nawaz Sharif is not willing to understand the true nature and meanings of democracy.   This policy is not working well for the PM and his PML- N government as it has united all the major political parties, including the PTI, PPP, JI and PML-Q against the PM. After seeing Nawaz Sharif's "Mugal e Azam " style and a strong reaction from the people and media, opposition parties, including the PPP, which has earned its repute as a friendly opposition, have put forward seven questions and urged the PM to answer them in the parliament. Nawaz Sharif has blankly refused to answer these questions, saying that he was “not accountable to the opposition and that he would not be answering in parliament the seven questions the opposition had for him as well as a host of supplementary questions”.
There is no escape [from the questionnaire],” Opposition Leader in the Senate Aitzaz Ahsan said while addressing the media after a meeting of the opposition parties at Parliament House.  Shah Mahmood Qureshi thought otherwise. “It seems the government has no answers and its attitude reflects they are running away,” the PTI leader said.
On the other hand, moments after the opposition meeting, Talal Chaudhry, Zubair Umer and Danyal Aziz hit back at the opposition parties. “Those who have over 150 offshore companies are asking us questions,” Chaudhry retorted while referring to the leaders of PTI and PPP.
The opposition also continuously staged a walkout from the National Assembly in protest against the absence of PM Nawaz. Due to this pressure, the PM had to attend the parliament. But, he was not be able to answer the questions and prove his innocence. It is also a fact that he would not resign on moral grounds. While, the opposition parties, especially the PTI, will not let this issue die.
Then, two very important new developments, the army chief's meeting with the PM and the chief justice of Pakistan Anwar Zaheer Jamali's refusal to form a “toothless” commission, have also occurred.
Last month, the government had sent a letter to the Supreme Court registrar, requesting that the Chief Justice constitute a high-level judicial commission to investigate the veracity of the allegations against the Prime Minister and his family. In response to the government's request, a letter issued by the SC registrar says: “The formation of a commission under the Pakistan Commission of Inquiry Act 1956 (Act VI of 1956), looking to its limited scope will result in the constitution of a toothless commission, which will serve no useful purpose.” The letter observes that the terms of reference (ToR) of the proposed commission are so “wide and open” that “it may take years” for the commission to conclude proceedings. The letter also says that “before forming an opinion as to the formation of the inquiry commission, it is necessary to have the list of all individuals, families, groups, companies... along with some relevant particulars, against whom purported inquiry proceedings are to be held...” The Supreme Court has also asked the government to “reconsider and resolve the issue of formation of the commission under proper legislation” after which it will decide on the modalities of the inquiry commission”.
This rejection letter has given another blow to the PML-N government and his leader Nawaz Sharif’s effort to save his rule. Now, Nawaz Sharif and the PML-N are subject to form the TORs of a judicial commission after the consultation with the opposition parties. There is no other way for the PM and his government. But Nawaz Sharif has already refused to answer the seven questions put forward by the opposition in the Parliament. He deems himself above the law and not accountable to the opposition. On the other hand, the opposition parties are united and want to start the investigation from the Prime Minister first. So, there will be a political deadlock regarding the formation of TORs in the coming days. 
Then, Army Chief Raheel Sharif also met with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. There are reports that the Army Chief had asked the PM to resolve the Panama leaks issue as soon as possible. This shows that there is tension between the army and Nawaz Sharif’s government which could shake up the political superstructure. There are many sources of tension between the Army and Sharif’s government. The first source of tension was Nawaz Sharif’s decision to prosecute General (retd.) Pervez Musharraf for treason. The second source of tension was Mr. Sharif’s decision to hold endless rounds of futile talks with the Pakistani Taliban in 2014. This gave the Taliban an opportunity to slip away and regroup, making the army’s task more difficult. The third source of tension came from the alleged ISI’s role in helping and staging Imran Khan’s dharna at D Chowk in Islamabad for overthrowing Sharif’s government. The fourth source of tension arose from Mr. Sharif’s desire to mend fences with India without consulting the army. Nawaz Sharif has not even spoken anything publicly against the capture of an Indian spy. Then, Nawaz Sharif has opposed the military’s “clean-up operation” against terrorism in the Punjab. The sixth source of tension is the military has linked terrorism with corruption. Nawaz Sharif does not like it. Then, the army is not happy with the Foreign Office’s inability to clinch the F-16 deal in Washington.
All the above-mentioned developments clearly manifest that Nawaz Sharif and his government are in a real trouble. The Panama leaks storm is threatening the rule of Nawaz Sharif and many analysts believe that Nawaz Sharif’s days are numbered.
Ayaz Amir, a famous columnist,  writes: “This is the writing on the wall         and even loyalist mediamen — coming into their colour and fully exposing themselves — and partisans of the Sharifian order would be recognising this, if not openly then in their heart of hearts. The outlook for the Sharifovs is not just grim. It is fast hurtling to the point of no return. All because the evasions are not working and the charges thrown up by the leaks are just too damning to go away just like that. Go to the web and type in the words 1 Hyde Park and you’ll get all you need to know of the luxury flats in the possession of this poor-friendly family which, off and on, in the name of the people has been ruling Pakistan for the last 30 years….But, since there is a limit to everything and even the Roman Empire eventually came to an end – otherwise Gibbon would have had no cause to write his Down and Fall — the days of wine and roses for the Sharifs are in danger of coming to an end because a) the questions raised by the leaks are too pressing and b) the Sharifs, furrow their brows and scratch their heads as they may, are unable to come up with any convincing answers. So the crisis born out of this shot from the heavens — for the ISI or any sister agency has had no hand in creating this bombshell — is not just lingering and refusing to go away, it is becoming more serious by the day. The clouds are gathering and the horizon is darkening and the clocks are ticking and yet all that the Sharifs can think of is one futile evasion after the other”.
Cyril Almeida also describes the situation in these words: “Panama is not going away. Yes, Panama is also about the political ambitions of Imran. Yes, Panama is because of the institutional interests of the boys. Yes, Panama is about the anti-democratic agenda of sections of the media. But there’s also the original truth: we only have Panama because Nawaz chose to do dodgy things and then let his family do dodgy things. So, do we blame the vultures or the one who gave us the corpse?”
 Clock is ticking and we all are waiting for the final act very anxiously.


Fresh Panama leaks contain the names of another 259 Pakistanis with links to offshore companies. Against expectations, the new list is not as explosive as was the first and no high-profile politician is included in it. Though it has not created fresh problems for the Pakistani rulers, yet they are still reeling from the shock of revelations of their foreign assets in the first set of leaks.
The new database, made public by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), has named only businesspeople of Pakistan. Though not directly named in the new database, yet the ICIJ website has linked the family of Pakistan’s nuclear scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan and MoonisElahi, son for former Punjab Chief Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Ch.PervaizElahi, to offshore companies. According to its 2013 report, Moonis was the sole shareholder of a British Virgin Islands firm Olive Grove Assets Ltd, created in 2006, with the help of Swiss bank UBS. In an email to the ICIJ, Moonis said he does not own or control the BVI company. He did not answer whether he had owned the firm in the past. The ICIJ verified his connection to the firm through the address listed for the politician in the corporate records, which is that of the Chaudhry family residence, a columned white mansion in Lahore. According to the data, the company was active at least until 2010.
The records show the Singapore branch of Swiss bank UBS acted as intermediary between Moonis and the Singapore-headquartered offshore services provider, Portcullis TrustNet, which set up the BVI company. The ICIJ collection of offshore data also contains information about another Pakistani politician, Muhammad TalhaMahmood, who created a company in 2008 in Mauritius, a tax haven island off the southeast coast of Africa, with the help of Deutsche Bank. Talha told the ICIJ that he had created the company hoping to use it for his automotive battery export business but that it became so complicated to get the necessary permits from the Pakistani government that he soon abandoned the idea and closed the company. He said he used Mauritius because it was the easiest place to incorporate a company, but that the short-lived firm did not hold “a single penny.”
Some newspapers, erroneously or purposefully, named Moonis in the Panama leaks, though his family has denied it. The ICIJ has not named him directly. However, the government, instead of replying to questions of tax evasion and money laundering faced by the Sharif family, blew up the issue to create an impression that the ruling family was being singled out by the opposition while all others were also involved in corruption. Despite it, the case should also be included in the proposed commission to probe the leaks.
Abdul Quyuim Khan, a brother of Abdul Qadeer Khan, and Hendrina, his wife, Dina and Ayesha Khan, his two daughters, are said to be owners of Wahdat Ltd, a company registered in the Bahamas. The company was registered in January of 1998, months before the nuclear tests of May that year, and deregistered on Dec 31, 1999, shortly after the Oct 12 coup. The company has been shown as an intermediary of ILS Fiduciaries IOM (Ltd), registered in the Isle of Man and still active. The company has links to 611 other entities from various jurisdictions like Panama and Niue in the database, dating back to 1993, most of which are either “inactive” or “defaulted”. However, AQ Khan has rubbished the report but it should be probed along with all other cases.
Pakistan Tehreek-I-Insaf (PTI) Chairman Imran Khan has also admitted he formed an offshore company to buy a London flat in 1983 to evade British taxes. Speaking to reporters at London Heathrow Airport, Imran said he had formed the offshore firm on the advice of his accountant to evade taxes during his playing days to buy a flat in London. "I was already paying 35 per cent tax on my income, so to evade further taxes, I bought the flat through an offshore firm, which was my right as I was not a British citizen," Imran told the reporters. His admission has provided much-needed ammunition to government ministers. However, his case is different from others. He earned money abroad and brought it to Pakistan.
The joint opposition has prepared a questionnaire for Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif over revelations by the Panama Papers for the involvement of his children in offshore companies. The questionnaire asks the prime minister to clarify: What are the names of the offshore companies owned by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif or his family? What is the total number of the companies, bank accounts and the worth of the property? What is the interest of the prime minister and his family in the Mayfair apartments; when it was purchased; where the funds came from for it and was the income tax filed? Have they declared their income particularly from offshore companies? Is this true that PM’s sons and daughter have shares in Ittefaq Sugar Mills and Chaudhry Sugar Mills? And have they filed tax returns against these? What was the property PM or his family purchased or sold during 1985 to 2016 and was the premier its beneficiary?
The questions are a brainchild of prominent law experts of the country. They are difficult to answer. All relevant questions should be asked from all parliamentarians and businesspeople, who have been named in the Panama leaks or not. They should also be applied to all opposition members. Asking only the ruling family to answer the questions will be unfair. All prominent figures should be asked about tax payment and properties they or their families purchased or sold between 1985 and 2016. It will pave the way for uniform accountability.

The recent row between Pakistan and Afghanistan over construction of a fence on the Torkham border crossing by Pakistani authorities not only resulted in shutting of the border for four days but also revealed Kabul’s real but veiled intentions towards its eastern neighbour.
Pakistani authorities closed down the Torkham border crossing after Afghan border authorities forcibly tried to stop the installation of a fence and barbed wire on a two-kilometer stretch of border at Torkham for better management.
The situation got tense when reportedly an Afghan border security officer, Lieutenant Nisar Ahmad, came to the site and asked the Pakistani border authorities to stop the installation of barbed-wire and fencing near the border. Simultaneously, the personnel of the Afghan border police and Afghan National Army took positions and moved their tanks and armoured vehicles close to the Torkham border. This compelled the Pakistan authorities to take defensive positions. Commandant Khyber Rifles (KR), Colonel Tariq Hafeez, along with contingents of Khyber Rifles, Levies and Khassadar personnel also rushed to the border and took positions at various spots. At the same time the Pakistani authorities closed the Torkham border after the incident and ordered a halt to the traffic moving across the border.
After several rounds of talks between the local officials of the two sides, the Afghan authorities remained recalcitrant forcing the Pakistan authorities to keep the border closed for an indefinite period. It was ultimately after a meeting between Chief of Army Staff, General Raheel Sharif, with Afghan Ambassador in Islambad, Hazrat Omar Zakhliwal, that Pakistan decided to open the Torkham border. However, Islamabad agreed to open the Torkham border after the Afghan ambassador agreed not to interfere with the Pakistani measures to secure its side of the border by installing a fence and barbed wire. Reportedly, on May 14, the Pakistani authorities restarted fencing the Torkham border point. However, the incident in which the Afghan police and military attempted to stop Pakistan from raising a fence and barbed wire on its side of the border has far deeper implications and reasons. These intentions must be an eye-opener for the Pakistani government and the international community. Islamabad has had adopted a policy of appeasement vis-à-vis Afghanistan despite the fact that the policy has inflicted irreparable losses on the Pakistani state and society. 
Prima facie, its sounds nonsense that Afghanistan flouts all international laws which call for respect of a country’s sovereignty to do whatever it wants within its border that is not harmful to another state. But the fact of the matter is that for Kabul stopping the Pakistani authorities from fencing and putting barbed wire on the Durand Line has a rationale as it does not recognize the border as permanent and has always refused to accept it as an international border. Since the birth of Pakistan, Kabul has had irredentist claims on the Pakhtun and Baloch regions of Pakistan for which it has never recognized the finality of the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
In this context, the border tension between Pakistan and Afghanistan is indeed a very serious issue. It is important to point that around 40,000 to 50,000 people cross the Pak-Afghan border which comprise mostly Afghans coming to Pakistan for business and trade and as well as to get health and educational services, which are largely unavailable in Afghanistan. However, for Pakistan the biggest problem in recent years has been the coming of terrorists and spies from Afghanistan undetected due to lack of a proper mechanism to manage and monitor the border. Most Afghans cross into Pakistan without proper travelling documents and cause serious problems for Islamabad and they remain undetected and many choose not to go back. A large number of terrorists and criminal elements have come this way into Pakistan and carried out large-scale death and destruction. In this regard, two examples would suffice. The first example is of the attackers of the Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, in January this year. Pakistani authorities confirmed beyond doubt that two of the attackers on the Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, came from Afghanistan crossing the Durand Line at Torkham. Investigators have confirmed that two of the four attackers in the January 20 attack on the Charsadda university have been identified through the biometric verification system with the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA). One of the attackers was from Swat and the other from Sararogha in South Waziristan. Both had been issued CNICs.
The second example is of the killers of a serving colonel of the Pakistan Amry, Tariq Ghafoor, who was killed in March this year. On May 13, the Peshawar police presented before the media two men named Imtiaz and Hussain Jan, who have confessed to killing Col. Ghafoor after coming from Afghanistan through the Torkham border. Both reportedly served prison sentences in Afghanistan and apparently were tasked by Afghan intelligence with killing Col. Ghafoor as both were set free at once from an Afghan prison. The situation definitely calls for strict border management. It may also be mentioned that the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI)-led government of cricketer-turned-politician, Imran Khan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province has been calling on the federal government to introduce stringent border management as the government has been facing grave challenges to ensure law and order in the border province due to a virtual non-existent border between Pakistan and Afghanistan, allowing terrorists and criminals to come to the province without any check. The PTI government has also been vociferously calling on the federal government to send back all legal and illegal Afghans, of whom most are living in the KP province, to Afghanistan and they should not be given further extension to stay in Pakistan. Because the Afghans have been a huge source of lawlessness in the KP province as well as an unbearable burden on its weak economy. 
Against this backdrop, the recent media reports are quite disturbing that Pakistani security officials, coming from different forces, including the Frontier Corps, Khasadars (Levies) and Custom officials among other departments, have expressed their inability to physically check so many people crossing the Pakistan-Afghanistan border at Torkham. This must ring alarm bells inside the power corridors and architects and executioners of the National Action Plan (NAP) to counter religious extremism and terrorism in Pakistan. Keeping in view the animosity of the Afghan security establishment towards Pakistan and the meaningful presence of many members including commanders of Pakistani terrorist organizations on Afghan soil, our inability to mange a regular border crossing is alarming. Pakistan and Afghanistan have around 2,400 kilometers of border along the FATA, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan provinces are mostly inhabited by Pakhtun tribes. As most of the border is located in the highly inaccessible terrain it is very difficult, if not impossible, to secure it fully. But if the same is the situation on a regular border crossing one can imagine the situation on the rest of the border. In such a situation all government efforts to wage a decisive war against terrorism in the country, most of whose perpetrators have traditionally been using Afghan soil to escape action and arrest, seem a futile exercise.
In order to put an end to the Pakistan-Afghanistan conflict on the border once and for all, Pakistan should do whatever it can by installing fencing and barbed wire, digging trenches, and raising concrete walls at different points of the border according to the nature of terrain to protect it. There is no justification to argue from many quarters that as Pakhtun tribes live on both sides of the border, therefore such measures are immoral and the border be left open. A state has a legal personality and it should do whatever is needed to secure its sovereignty without indulging in such futile “moral” argumentation.

History’s lesson is that the world belongs to innovators and inventors. Those who can innovate and create get ahead of others. This is true of both individuals and nations. History is full of examples of empires and civilizations reaching the zenith of their glory and then gradually decaying and dying out due to lack of research and innovation.
Over the years scholars, researchers and knowledge seekers have continued with their efforts to find out what drives innovation and determine who the most innovative people in the world are.
Every year Global Innovation Index is published by Cornell University and the World Intellectual Property Organisation. There are different metrics used to measure innovation.  Some are academic and theoretical, while others are more practical. Different metrics measure different aspects of product innovation, such as the novelty of a product, the creativity level of the people and the effectiveness of the idea-generating process. Metrics are categorized into two groups: input metrics, and output metrics. Input metrics measure the idea generation process effectiveness, as well as the creativity of the people who participate in it, along with the organizational culture that increases or reduces creativity. One of the metrics is the number of new patents and products developed  in a country. An important metric is the number of ideas translated into successful business models. 
The latest Global Innovation Index, which explores the impact of innovation-oriented policies on economic growth and development,  ranks 140 countries and economies around the world using 79 indicators. The theme for 2015 index analysis was “Effective Innovation Policies for Development”. The report covered data on 79 indicators to analyse various innovation policies to check against claims of effective development policies. Generally, the GII report analyses the effectiveness of government efforts and their impact on the economy’s degree of development.  Switzerland, United Kingdom, Sweden, Netherlands and United States of America are the top five economies on this index.
There is another internationally recognized innovation index which is published by Bloomberg, the world’s leading economic and commercial news site. The 2016 Bloomberg Innovation Index, which scores economies using factors like research and development spending and concentration of high-tech public companies, awards the highest ranking to South Korea which is said to rule the world of ideas. Bloomberg's 2015 ranking of the world's 50 most innovative countries focuses on six tangible activities that contribute to innovation. Bloomberg’s initial ranking began with over 200 economies, from which those that didn't report data for at least six of seven categories measured were eliminated, trimming the list to 84. Bloomberg released overall and category scores for the top 50 innovative economies.
The world's largest economy, the U.S., is No. 8 in the rankings. The placement of the world's second-largest economy, China, at No. 21 in the innovation index is not surprising, given its status as a developing country in which technologies are largely copied rather than created. The standings reflect the North-South divide in the global economy: Africa, with No. 46, Tunisia and No. 48, Morocco, and Latin America, with Argentina at No. 49, are scarcely represented on the top 50 list. Six of the top 10 economies hail from Europe, and three from Asia.
Ahead of Germany, Sweden, Japan and Switzerland, South Korea notches top scores worldwide for manufacturing value-added as well as for tertiary efficiency — a measure that includes enrollment in higher education and the concentration of science and engineering graduates. The country is ranked second for R&D intensity, high-tech density and patent activity and ranked sixth for researcher concentration.
It is easy to see that the top spots are hogged by countries that invest heavily in developing new technologies and products and have a fair share of the world's engineers. South Koreans also focus on institutional factors that encourage innovative behavior. South Korea's almost six-point edge on No. 2 Germany — and outpacing of neighbors Japan (No. 4) and China (No. 21) — underlines the importance of degree of economic competition felt by a nation.  According to an expert, South Korea is "squeezed between low-wage China on the one hand and more technologically advanced Japan on the other, so there's this sense of anxiety, or a certain degree of urgency, about maintaining this performance. In short, the example of South Korea shows that if you are an innovative economy, you're going to tend to have higher productivity growth.
 Where does Pakistan stand? Pakistan is ranked at 131 out of 141 countries in the Global Innovation Index. Pakistan scored a total of 23.07 point on the 100-point scale to rank at 131, just under Nicaragua and above countries like Sudan, Zimbabwe, Niger, Yemen and Nepal. Nigeria and Bangladesh stood above Pakistan in the innovation index. What keeps Pakistan backward? Interestingly, the Ministry of Science and Technology in a report to the National Assembly said that the reasons for the country's poor ranking in the Global Innovation Index include, among other factors, the low percentage of GDP expenditure for science and development and low standards of science education in our educational institutions.
Pakistan did even worse on the innovation input sub-index with an overall rank of 136. Indexes are divided into Institution, Human Capital & Research, Infrastructure, Market Sophistication, Business Sophistication, Knowledge & Technology outputs and Creative Outputs categories with three sub-sets in each area. Pakistan scored 37.1 in the Institution, 23.1 in Infrastructure, 35.8 in Market Sophistication, 22.5 in Business Sophistication, 20.2 in Knowledge & Technology outputs and 19.6 in Creative output areas.
The report shows that Pakistan’s performance and policies are consistently poor with regard to sustainable development and innovation. One of the major reasons is the devastating score in one of the most important area, Human Capital and Research, with a 12.8 score. Human Capital and Research area covers Education, Tertiary Education and Research and Development sub-sets with indicators such as expenditure on education, school life expectancy, tertiary enrollment, university ranking and expenditure on R&D. The report reveals that despite individual and private level efforts to lead Pakistan into Global Innovation arena through various different platforms Government policies are not helping much to improve the situation.
Innovation is happening in centers of excellence around the world faster than ever before. The best antidote to stagnation is innovation, the creation of products and services that make life better—whether it's air conditioning, vaccines, or text messaging. Every country wants to foster a culture of innovation, but it's not easy to do so. There are theories galore about what does work and what does not.  But one thing is clear.  Whether it is a nation or an individual, there must be love for entrepreneurship and experimentation. And for these to be translated into action, the government must provide a conducive environment. Unfortunately, the Pakistani state has miserably failed to perform its duty on this score.

The battle of terms of reference (ToR) is on, and no side is ready to yield ground. A few days ago the opposition parties, led by the PTI and PPP, rejected the commission announced by the government on the grounds that it was unfocussed and lacked the teeth to effectively probe the money trail of PM Nawaz Sharif’s children named in the Panama papers.
Going a step further, the opposition has developed its own ToRs for the proposed judicial commission. In essence, the opposition has proposed that the inquiry should  begin from the Sharif family, including the prime minister, followed by other Pakistani nationals named in the Panama Papers. As for those whose loans were written off and those who avoided taxes, they should also be brought to justice along with the family of the prime minister.
On its part, the government has rejected as “unconstitutional and mala fide” the ToRs proposed by the opposition. Last week, a meeting of political parties allied to the government, including JUI-F of Maulana Fazlur Rahman, the National Party of Hasil Bizenjo and PkMAP chief Mehmood Khan Achakzai,  unequivocally endorsed PML-N’s ToRs and vowed to take a tough stand against the opposition on the issue of the offshore holdings of the Sharif family. They characterized the opposition’s ToRs as “selective and violative of the Constitution and the law” and targeted solely the prime minister and his family. The PML-N and its allies also decided that the prime minister would not appear before the parliament to explain his position. 
The Panama Papers should have ideally led to a process of fair and meaningful accountability of the country’s elected representatives. But in fact they have sparked a game of nerves between a government which wants to obfuscate and confuse the issue and the opposition which wants to put Nawaz Sharif through the accountability process at all costs.
So tense the political atmosphere has become and so keyed up all the players are that the level of political debate has sunk to its lowest depths. While Nawaz Sharif has described his political opponents “terrorists”, the PTI spokesmen have dubbed Nawaz Sharif as a “robber” prime minister and charged that he and his “darbaris” are eating up the country like termite. In this din, the recovery of billions of rupees and gold from the Balochistan finance secretary’s residence has further dented the credibility of Nawaz Sharif and his government.
What is the way out of the gridlock that holds the country in its grip? The PML-N and the combined opposition need to realize that if the situation is not to deteriorate beyond their control, they will have  to evolve a compromise formula about the scope of the judicial commission. The government’s argument is that Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and his family should not be put at the centre of judicial investigations because accountability should be even-handed, and everyone named in the Panama Papers should be probed simultaneously.
 There is a logical flaw in the PML-N’s line of argument. Since Nawaz Sharif occupies the highest office in the land, he cannot demand  that he be treated like the average citizen when it comes to suspicions of misconduct.  The higher you are, the greater your answerability before law. Needless to say, with each passing day, the impression is gaining ground that the prime minister is trying to hide behind technicalities and legal minutiae to escape accountability.
It is true that the mismatch between the asset declarations of elected representatives and their lavish  life style shows that the vast majority of them have not fully declared their true income and wealth. Nobody will dispute that they also need to be brought within the accountability net, but the prime focus has to be on Nawaz Sharif, not only because of his official position but also because his children have been specifically named in the Panama Paper. It is the prime minister’s moral duty to set an example  by submitting himself to a judicial scrutiny and forensic audit ahead of others.
The release of the Panama Papers has given rise to a range of questions about the Sharif family:  how it acquired its enormous wealth and through which channels it was sent abroad. And, also do his tax returns match the accumulation of assets mentioned in the Panama Papers. These are questions that must be answered by Nawaz Sharif to clear his name. The Sharif family cannot expect partial or full immunity from investigations simply because of Nawaz Sharif’s position. Nobody is above the law.
The opposition’s ToRs have rightly focussed on the prime minister and his family because that is where the focus needs to be. The prime minister has to prove beyond a shred of doubt that he did no wrong. Until he does that, the matter will keep hanging fire, vitiating the atmosphere for a healthy working of the democratic system. The Panama Papers are the tip of the iceberg, and the earlier we get them out of the way, the better for the future of democracy in Pakistan.

Last week media persons all over the world observed the World Press Freedom Day which celebrates the fundamental principles of press freedom, and is an occasion to assess the state of press freedom throughout the world.
It is observed on the anniversary of Declaration of Windhoek — a statement of free press principles put together by newspaper journalists in Africa during a UNESCO seminar held in the Namibian city in 1991.  The UN General Assembly designated 3 May as World Press Freedom Day in 1993. Each year, World Press Freedom Day is observed to emphasize the importance of press freedom, to protect the independence of the media, and to honour media workers who risk and have lost their lives in the exercise of their profession. The day aims to evaluate press freedom around the world; to defend the media from attacks on their independence; and to pay tribute to journalists who have lost their lives in the exercise of their profession.
This year's theme for World Press Freedom Day is 'Access to information and fundamental freedoms — this is your right' with special focus on freedom of information and sustainable development, protecting press freedom from censorship and surveillance overreach and ensuring safety of journalists online and offline. The link between press freedom and sustainable development is made for the first time this year, following the adoption in late 2015 of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030, which recognize the need to “ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements,” (SDG 16 point 10).
 According to UNESCO, the importance of free and independent media to inform the citizens of the world is crucial to the achievement of the SDGs. Director-General of UNESCO, Irina Bokova, in her message for the Day: “At this time of turbulence and change across the world, including new challenges that require global cooperation and action, the need for quality information has never been so important—this requires a strong environment of press freedom and well-functioning systems to ensure the people’s right to know.” UN  Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon also issued a message on the day  in which he said: “Press freedom and the free flow of information are necessary not only to inform citizens about the [Sustainable Development] Goals, but to enable them to hold their leaders accountable for fulfilling the pledges they have made.  The media – including, and increasingly, new online media — serve as our eyes and ears. We all benefit from the information they provide.” 
At a time when journalists are facing the risk of arrest for doing their jobs, both globally and domestically, the value of World Press Freedom Day is all the more evident. This is especially true given that the risks journalists face don’t end with arrest. Since 1992, 1,189 journalists have been killed while doing their jobs, according to the Newspaper Association of America. Of those deaths, 787 took place since 2005, with 67 occurring last year, according to Reporters Without Borders (RSF). The Committee to Protect Journalists has reported the death of 72 journalists in 2015 alone. The International Federation of Journalists has reported 26 journalist deaths this year.
A leading journalism advocacy group says media freedom experienced a sharp decline around the world over the past year, citing increasing government restrictions in places like Turkey, Poland, Tajikistan, and Egypt. In its 2016 World Press Freedom Index released on 20 April, Reporters Without Borders said that there had been a “deep and disturbing” decline in freedom of information in many places around the world. The organisation, also known as Reporters Sans Frontiers (RSF), said independent media was also increasingly at risk from “religious ideologies” as well as “large-scale propaganda machines”. “Throughout the world, ‘oligarchs’ are buying up media outlets and are exercising pressure that compounds the pressure already coming from governments,” the Paris-based group said. The deadliest country for journalists in 2015 was Syria, where 14 were killed, followed by France with nine, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists. Around the world, 72 journalists were killed in 2015 and 10 have been killed so far this year.
More than 85 percent of countries in the world live with either partial or no press freedom. In 2015, press freedom declined to its lowest point in 12 years, according to a 2016 press freedom report released late last month by Freedom House, an independent watchdog organization. Only a small percentage (13 percent) of countries throughout the world enjoy press freedom. Reporters Without Borders, which campaigns for media freedom around the world has issued a freedom index according to which Finland tops the list of the countries with a free media, followed by two other Scandinavian countries – Norway and Denmark. Eritrea is at the bottom along with Turkmenistan and North Korea. China, Cuba, Zimbabwe and Afghanistan are also at the bottom. The United States dropped from 20 in 2010 to 49 in 2015, four steps above Haiti, Burkina Faso, Namibia and El Salvador. Suriname, Samoa and the eastern Caribbean rank higher than the United States.
More than 1,000 media practitioners and stake holders, including representatives of governments have called on UNESCO’s 195 Member States to “reaffirm that press freedom and the right to information are essential for a free, independent and pluralistic media and crucial to the advancement of human rights and sustainable development.”
In keeping with the new Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations for the next 15 years, the Finlandia Declaration stresses the importance of access to information and the responsibility of states in making public information available both on and off-line, and promoting universal access to the internet.
Pakistan is ranked 159 on the list of 180 countries. According to a report, the space for press freedom has been shrinking in Pakistan over the last few years. The report points out that last month, a Pakistani parliamentary committee approved a draconian law for controlling the Internet. Reporters Without Borders notes that the latest draft of the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act “undermines civil liberties in Pakistan and flouts freedom of the media and information”. It also notes that the bill contains provisions that would allow the government to censor any content without referring to judge, to use overly broad criteria to criminalise many online activities, and to gain access to Internet user data without any judicial control.
 During 2014, non-state actors also continued to target journalists. Two journalists were gunned down in October, bringing the number murdered since August to four. In July, unidentified gunmen torched a cable TV operator in Karachi. Also in July, unidentified people bombed the home of the Peshawar bureau chief of a Pakistani television channel.
In May and June, a journalist was attacked in Multan and trucks carrying newspapers were torched. In June, the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority temporarily closed the transmission of a television channel in various areas.

Since the Lahore terrorist attack on the Easter night, there has been a calm in the country and no big terrorist attack has been made by the Taliban groups. Even before the deadly Lahore attack, there had been relative peace in the country for a while. There are two probable explanations of the situation which are very important to look into to forecast terrorist threat level in Pakistan in the months ahead.
The first explanation for a few large-scale terrorist attacks in the country apparently seems to be the effectiveness of the military offensive Zarb-e-Azb in North Waziristan in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). It is important to note that the Pakistani military has so far cleared most of the Shawal Valley in the last phase of Operation Zarb-e-Azb. The remotest Shawal Valley of the NWA has been the only area in the FATA which remained out of bounds to the state writ for almost a decade since the emergence of disparate Pakistani Taliban groups culminating in the formation of the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) in December 2007. Even before it the state never tried to establish its writ in the Shawal Valley rather it did not feel the need to do so. 
In April this year, the Inter-Public Services Relations (ISPR) said that at least 252 terrorists had been killed by Pakistan troops. Since the launch of the last phase of Operation Zarb-e-Azb in February this year, troops also cleared 640 square kilometers area of Shawal. The ISPR had furthermore declared that the army restored government's writ in FATA, destroying militant hideouts and seizing huge caches of arms and ammunition during the Operation Zarb-e-Azb that was launched in June 2014. In total, the Pakistani military has retaken 4304 square kilometers of area and cleared it of terrorists. This is a great achievement as even the British colonial rulers' various military campaigns in the FATA could never establish the imperial power writ in the FATA, particularly the Waziristan region. However, one factor here is important to be noticed that unlike the British rulers, which did not have the local public support, the Pakistani military has had enjoyed large-scale people support in the FATA. Nevertheless, it should also not be forgotten and in order to keep the record straight that it had partially been the result of residents of the FATA support and sympathies that the Taliban and their foreign affiliates, like Al Qaeda and Uzbeks, got themselves entrenched in the FATA, especifically Waziristan regions. But it was after the dwellers of FATA started facing atrocities at the hands of the Taliban and their foreign affiliates that most of the people realized their mistakes of supporting and sympathizing with the militants and terrorists. Albeit, it was too late and most of the people had to leave their ancestral abodes to save their lives and pave the way for the state action.
The success of Operation Zarb-e-Azb has been acknowledged by independent sources. These official and unofficial sources are of the view that the command and control structure of the Taliban terrorists has been completely shattered and the militant and terrorist groups have got lacerated due to the operation. Independent sources are also of the view that most of the TTP and its foreign affiliates have fled their largest hideout in Pakistan ― North Waziristan ― to go to Afghanistan, where a large number of the Pakistani Taliban and their foreign affiliates, like Uzbek militants, have been courted by the Afghan intelligence National Directorate of Security (NDS) to be used against Pakistan. However, despite this official Afghan support Pakistani Taliban groups could not stage many large-scale terrorist attacks in Pakistan. The NDS and the rest of Afghan security establishment unnecessary focus on creating trouble in Pakistan has resulted in glossing over of their primary responsibility of fighting the Afghan Taliban insurgency and establishing the state writ. Resultantly, the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) have been totally in disarray with the Afghan Taliban fighters bagging more and more state territory to the chagrin of President Ashraf Ghani and his incompetent advisors.
The second most important explanation for the Pakistani Taliban groups' inability to stage large-scale militant and terrorist attacks inside FATA and the rest of Pakistan, as is partially mentioned above, is the collapse of their ranks and files. There are two important reasons for it. Firstly, after the death of ferocious but capable Taliban commanders, like Baituallah Mehsud, Hakimullah Mehsud and suicide master trainer, Qari Hussain, the command vacuum which was created within the Taliban could not be filled by the likes of the current TTP head, Fazulullah, and others. It is important to note that all the three slain TTP commanders were killed in the United State CIA-operated drone attacks, which without any doubt have been instrumental in weakening the ranks and files of the TTP and paving the way for Pakistan military ground and air operations in FATA and Waziristan. Secondly, the military offensive by Pakistan proved a final straw on the back of the encumbered Taliban camel.
Now with the situation that the military offensive has been quite successful in  NWA and elsewhere in FATA and the command and control structure of the Taliban has also been given huge blows, the very important question is that whether the TTP and its affiliates have the capacity to make a comeback and whether they have a strategy in this regard. Insofar, as the comeback of the Pakistani Taliban group is concerned, there is obviously the wish to do so; however, one does not think that they have any viable strategy in this regard. On the other hand, the TTP despite its shattering has the capacity to revive itself particularly with the support of the Afghan and Indian state apparatus. This is the most important security challenge of Pakistan in the unfolding situation. How Pakistan meets this challenge needs to be seen. But with the military high command, led by Chief of Army Statff General Raheel Sharif, is clear that military operations would continue till the last terrorist is eliminated and there is also a timeframe in this regard. It is hoped that Pakistan would successfully achieve the task. This is also very important as the most significant economic project for Pakistan for decades, the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), is in the implementing stage and enemies of Pakistan have been trying to sabotage the project by staging militant and terrorist attacks in Pakistan.

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